What is genetic variation?

Genetic variation refers to the differences in genetic makeup among individuals within a population. This variation is crucial for the process of evolution and natural selection, as it provides the raw material upon which these processes can act. When there is a high level of genetic variation in a population, it means that individuals possess different alleles, or versions of genes, which can lead to a wide range of traits and characteristics. For example, in a population of plants, some may be tall while others are short, or some may have different flower colors, all due to the genetic differences present.

This diversity is also important for the adaptability of populations to changing environments, as it allows some individuals to survive and reproduce under different conditions, thereby passing their advantageous traits on to the next generation. In contrast, uniformity in genetic makeup, stability of genetic traits, or uniformity in physical traits implies a lack of variation, which could result in reduced resilience and adaptability to environmental changes or threats.