In which scenario would secondary succession occur?

Secondary succession occurs in an environment that has been disturbed but retains some soil and biological remnants, allowing for a quicker recovery compared to primary succession. In this scenario, following a forest fire, the area has been cleared of its vegetation, but the soil and possibly some seeds, roots, and microorganisms remain intact. This allows for the re-establishment of plant and animal communities through processes that build upon the existing biological framework.

The other scenarios describe primary succession, which occurs in lifeless areas where soil has not yet formed, such as a newly formed volcanic island or land created by glacial retreat. These environments begin from scratch (bare rock or new mineral substrates), necessitating a complete buildup of the ecosystem, including soil formation before succession can begin.